A Review Of CLBO Crystal
A Review Of CLBO Crystal
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We summarized the current enhancement position of the higher-electric power DUV laser the two at the wavelength of FHG of the 1-μm laser and at 193 nm. The modern advancement of your strong-point out/fiber laser, as well as the nonlinear optical crystals, prompts not merely the average electricity but in addition the beam high-quality (coherence) on the DUV lasers to an unprecedented amount.
By way of example, The present concave OC could be replaced by a airplane mirror which could mitigate the ability density around the surface of M1 and also the diamond. Furthermore, making use of large damage threshold coatings for M1 and diamond would also Increase the output electricity without any damages. Then, the NIR laser within the 2nd Stokes wavelength may be higher more than enough, and also its good beam excellent, to create the ultimate DUV laser at 193 nm using a substantial average electricity.
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Equally the 1040 nm and 1078 nm laser come from one twin-wavelength Yb-doped fiber laser. Every single laser is amplified by stages of fiber amplifier and Yb-doped materials amplifier, respectively.
On the opposite facet, the power scaling of your NIR laser is another element to improve the common energy of your 193-nm DUV laser. Due to insufficient the superior-ability amplification Option in the NIR laser (for example at 1553 nm), nonlinear frequency processes such as optical parameter oscillation (OPO) may be applied to make a wavelength converter by shifting the wavelength from one μm to the desired wavelength together with obtaining relative increased energy [21]. Not long ago, a diamond Raman laser confirmed its capability in accomplishing a superior electrical power and also a superior conversion efficiency on the 1st Stokes on the one-μm laser [22,23], which means the chance to be used within the 193-nm DUV laser era thanks to its substantial Raman get and enormous frequency change.
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The pulse length of the 2nd Stokes light was shortened to 5 ns as revealed in Figure 7a, get more info an individual-shot photograph from your oscilloscope, which happens to be a common phenomenon in Raman laser [forty four] though the heartbeat length of the pump laser was 10 ns.
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The beam profile proven in Determine 7b demonstrated a good beam excellent as one of many deserves of Raman laser, which might be beneficial to crank out a 193-nm DUV laser with a high quality beam.
The conversion efficiency from basic NIR to DUV is from five% to 36% in accordance with the reported leads to Table 1. Raising the conversion performance will reduce the burden on the design and setup of the basic laser amplifier together with the electric powered energy usage. A superb beam excellent of the elemental laser will likely add to the increasing from the conversion efficiency and also the appropriate energy intensity from the NIR and eco-friendly laser inside the SHG and FHG method, respectively. The highest conversion efficiencies from NIR to green and green to DUV laser by usage of CLBO crystal are 70% and all-around fifty%, respectively [twelve], which corresponds for the conversion efficiency of 35% from fundamental to DUV.
The event on the 193-nm laser was demonstrated by phases of SFG. To be able to scale the DUV laser ability efficiently, a new principle from the 193-nm DUV laser technology is offered dependant on the diamond Raman laser.